Category: 1750-45-4

1750-45-4, Name is 5-Chloro-6-hydroxybenzo[d]oxazol-2(3H)-one, belongs to benzoxazole compound, is a common compound. 1750-45-4In an article, authors is Abbadi, Bruno L., once mentioned the new application about 1750-45-4.

Nonclinical evaluation of IQG-607, an anti-tuberculosis candidate with potential use in combination drug therapy

New effective compounds to treat tuberculosis are urgently needed. IQG-607 is an orally active anti-tuberculosis drug candidate, with promising preliminary safety profile and anti-mycobacterial activity in both in vitro and in vivo models of tuberculosis infection. Here, we evaluated the mutagenic and genotoxic effects of IQG-607, and its interactions with CYP450 isoforms. Moreover, we describe for the first time a combination study of IQG-607 in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected mice. Importantly, IQG-607 had additive effects when combined with the first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs rifampin and pyrazinamide in mice. IQG-607 presented weak to moderate inhibitory potential against CYP450 isoforms 3A4, 1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, and 2E1. The Salmonella mutagenicity test revealed that IQG-607 induced base pair substitution mutations in the strains TA100 and TA1535. However, in the presence of human metabolic S9 fraction, no mutagenic effect was detected in any strain. Additionally, IQG-607 did not increase micronucleus frequencies in mice, at any dose tested, 25, 100, or 250 mg/kg. The favorable activity in combination with first-line drugs and mild to moderate toxic events described in this study suggest that IQG-607 represents a candidate for clinical development.

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Benzoxazole – Wikipedia,
Benzoxazole | C7H5NO – PubChem

Chemistry is the experimental science by definition. We want to make observations to prove hypothesis. For this purpose, we perform experiments in the lab. 1750-45-4, Name is 5-Chloro-6-hydroxybenzo[d]oxazol-2(3H)-one,introducing its new discovery., 1750-45-4

In vivo phenotyping methods: Cytochrome P450 probes with emphasis on the cocktail approach

Background: Differences in drug response among patients are common. Most major drugs are effective in only 25 to 60 percent of the patients, in part due to the CYP enzymes, whose activity vary up to 50-fold between individuals for some index metabolic reactions. Several factors affect CYP activity, among which genetic polymorphisms have been studied as the major cause for long time. Age, gender, disease states, and environmental influences such as smoking, concomitant drug treatment or exposure to environmental chemicals are also important. Methods: This article reviews the available literature on multiple phenotypes assessment as an important tool to predict possible therapeutic failures or toxic reactions to conventional drug doses during patient evaluation. Results: Probe drugs can be used in various combinations allowing for the in vivo assessment of multiple pathways of drug metabolism in a single experiment, configuring a new tool known as phenotyping “cocktails”. There are several drug cocktails with different advantages and disadvantages. Most of them have sufficient clinical evidence and data validation to support their use in clinical setting as a surrogate for the risk of adverse reaction in the course of therapy, leading to a better balance between efficacy and safety. Conclusion: Probes characteristics and metabolic ratio measurements are important in the evaluation of phenotyping cocktails as near-future applications.

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Benzoxazole – Wikipedia,
Benzoxazole | C7H5NO – PubChem

1750-45-4, The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature.1750-45-4, Name is 5-Chloro-6-hydroxybenzo[d]oxazol-2(3H)-one, molecular formula is C7H4ClNO3. In a Article, authors is Song, Xiaoli£¬once mentioned of 1750-45-4

In vitro inhibitory effects of isofraxidin on human liver cytochrome P450 enzymes

Isofraxidin is a Coumarin compound widely distributed in plants, such as the Umbelliferae or Chloranthaceae, and it possesses numerous pharmacological activities. However, whether isofraxidin affects the activity of human liver cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes remains unclear. In this study, the inhibitory effects of isofraxidin on the 8 human liver CYP isoforms (i.e., 1A2, 3A4, 2A6, 2E1, 2D6, 2C9, 2C19, and 2C8) were investigated in vitro using human liver microsomes. The results showed that isofraxidin inhibited the activity of CYP1A2, 3A4, and 2E1, with IC50 values of 23.01, 15.49, and 15.98 mumol/L, respectively, but that other CYP isoforms were not affected. Enzyme kinetic studies showed that isofraxidin was not only a noncompetitive inhibitor of CYP3A4 but also a competitive inhibitor of CYP1A2 and 2E1, with Ki values of 7.91, 10.14, and 9.30 mumol/L, respectively. In addition, isofraxidin is a time-dependent inhibitor for CYP3A4 with Kinact/KI value of 0.047/12.33 mumol/L-1min-1. The in vitro studies of isofraxidin with CYP isoforms indicate that isofraxidin has the potential to cause pharmacokinetic drug interactions with other coadministered drugs metabolized by -CYP1A2, 3A4, and 2E1. Further clinical studies are needed to evaluate the significance of this interaction.

Balanced chemical reaction does not necessarily reveal either the individual elementary reactions by which a reaction occurs or its rate law.1750-45-4. In my other articles, you can also check out more blogs about 1750-45-4

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Benzoxazole – Wikipedia,
Benzoxazole | C7H5NO – PubChem

1750-45-4, In heterogeneous catalysis, the catalyst is in a different phase from the reactants. At least one of the reactants interacts with the solid surface in a physical process called adsorption in such a way. 1750-45-4, name is 5-Chloro-6-hydroxybenzo[d]oxazol-2(3H)-one. In an article£¬Which mentioned a new discovery about 1750-45-4

The time-dependent effects of St John’s wort on cytochrome P450, uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase, glutathione S-transferase, and NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase in mice

Hypericum perforatum [St. John’s wort (SJW)] is known to cause a drug interaction with the substrates of cytochrome P450 (P450, CYP) isoforms, mainly CYP3A. This study aims to determine the dose response and time course of the effects of SJW extract on P450s, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase (NQO) in mice. The oral administration of SJW extract to male mice at 0.6 g/kg/d for 21 days increased hepatic oxidation activity toward a Cyp3a substrate nifedipine. By extending the SJW treatment to 28 days, hepatic nifedipine oxidation (NFO) and warfarin 7-hydroxylation (WOH) (Cyp2c) activities were increased by 95% and 34%, respectively. Immunoblot analysis of liver microsomal proteins revealed that the Cyp2c protein level was elevated by the 28-day treatment. However, the liver microsomal activities of the oxidation of the respective substrates of Cyp1a, Cyp2a, Cyp2b, Cyp2d, and Cyp2e1 remained unchanged. In the kidney, SJW increased the NFO, but not the WOH activity. The extended 28-day treatment did not alter mouse hepatic and renal UGT, GST, and NQO activities. These findings demonstrate that SJW stimulates hepatic and renal Cyp3a activity and hepatic Cyp2c activity and expression. The induction of hepatic Cyp2c requires repeated treatment for a period longer than the initial induction of Cyp3a.

The proportionality constant is the rate constant for the particular unimolecular reaction. the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. I hope my blog about 1750-45-4 is helpful to your research. 1750-45-4

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Benzoxazole – Wikipedia,
Benzoxazole | C7H5NO – PubChem

1750-45-4, A catalyst don’t appear in the overall stoichiometry of the reaction it catalyzes, but it must appear in at least one of the elementary reactions in the mechanism for the catalyzed reaction. 1750-45-4, Name is 5-Chloro-6-hydroxybenzo[d]oxazol-2(3H)-one, molecular formula is C7H4ClNO3. In a Article, authors is Park, Sun-Ha£¬once mentioned of 1750-45-4

Engineering bacterial cytochrome P450 (P450) BM3 into a prototype with human P450 enzyme activity using indigo formation

Human cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes metabolize a variety of endogenous and xenobiotic compounds, including steroids, drugs, and environmental chemicals. In this study, we examine the possibility that bacterial P450 BM3 (CYP102A1) mutants with indole oxidation activity have the catalytic activities of human P450 enzymes. Errorprone polymerase chain reaction was carried out on the heme domain-coding region of the wild-type gene to generate a CYP102A1 DNA library. The library was transformed into Escherichia coli for expression of the P450 mutants. A colorimetric colony-based method was adopted for primary screening of the mutants. When the P450 activities were measured at the whole-cell level, some of the blue colonies, but not the white colonies, possessed apparent oxidation activity toward coumarin and 7-ethoxycoumarin, which are typical human P450 substrates that produce fluorescent products. Coumarin is oxidized by the CYP102A1 mutants to produce two metabolites, 7-hydroxycoumarin and 3-hydroxycoumarin. In addition, 7-ethoxycoumarin is simultaneously oxidized to 7-hydroxycoumarin by O-deethylation reaction and to 3-hydroxy,7-ethoxycoumarin by 3-hydroxylation reactions. Highly active mutants are also able to metabolize several other human P450 substrates, including phenacetin, ethoxyresorufin, and chlorzoxazone. These results indicate that indigo formation provides a simple assay for identifying CYP102A1 mutants with a greater potential for human P450 activity. Furthermore, our computational findings suggest a correlation between the stabilization of the binding site and the catalytic efficiency of CYP102A1 mutants toward coumarin: the more stable the structure in the binding site, the lower the energy barrier and the higher the catalytic efficiency. Copyright

Balanced chemical reaction does not necessarily reveal either the individual elementary reactions by which a reaction occurs or its rate law.1750-45-4. In my other articles, you can also check out more blogs about 1750-45-4

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Benzoxazole – Wikipedia,
Benzoxazole | C7H5NO – PubChem

An article , which mentions 1750-45-4, molecular formula is C7H4ClNO3. The compound – 5-Chloro-6-hydroxybenzo[d]oxazol-2(3H)-one played an important role in people’s production and life., 1750-45-4

In vitro inhibitory effects of bergenin on human liver cytochrome p450 enzymes

Context: Bergenin, isolated from the herb of Bergenia purpurascens (Hook. f. et Thoms.) Engl., has anti-inflammatory, antitussive, and wound healing activities. However, whether bergenin affects the activity of human liver cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes remains unclear. Materials and methods: In this study, the inhibitory effects of bergenin (100 lM) on the eight human liver CYP isoforms (i.e., 1A2, 3A4, 2A6, 2E1, 2D6, 2C9, 2C19 and 2C8) were investigated, enzyme kinetics and time-dependent inhibition studies were also performed in vitro using human liver microsomes (HLMs). Results: The results showed that bergenin inhibited the activity of CYP3A4, 2E1 and 2C9, with IC50 values of 14.39, 22.83 and 15.11 lM, respectively, but other CYP isoforms were not affected. Enzyme kinetic studies showed that bergenin was not only a non-competitive inhibitor of CYP3A4, but also a competitive inhibitor of CYP2E1 and 2C9, with Ki values of 7.71, 11.39 and 8.89 lM, respectively. In addition, bergenin is a time-dependent inhibitor for CYP3A4 with Kinact/KI value of 0.025/3.50 lM1 min1. Discussion and conclusions: The in vitro studies of bergenin with CYP isoforms indicate that bergenin has the potential to cause pharmacokinetic drug interactions with other co-administered drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, 2E1 and 2C9. Further clinical studies are needed to evaluate the significance of this interaction.

But sometimes, even after several years of basic chemistry education, it is not easy to form a clear picture on how they govern reactivity! Read on for other articles about 3382-18-1!, 1750-45-4

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Benzoxazole – Wikipedia,
Benzoxazole | C7H5NO – PubChem

A catalyst don’t appear in the overall stoichiometry of the reaction it catalyzes, 1750-45-4, but it must appear in at least one of the elementary reactions in the mechanism for the catalyzed reaction. 1750-45-4, Name is 5-Chloro-6-hydroxybenzo[d]oxazol-2(3H)-one, molecular formula is C7H4ClNO3. In a Article, authors is Qi, Xiao-Yi£¬once mentioned of 1750-45-4

Inhibitory effects of sanguinarine on human liver cytochrome P450 enzymes

Sanguinarine (SAG) has been recognized as an anticancer drug candidate. However, the drug-drug interactions (DDI) potential for SAG via the inhibition against human cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes remains unclear. In the present study, the inhibitory effects of SAG on seven major human CYP isoforms 1A2, 2A6, 2E1, 2D6, 2C8, 2C9 and 3A4 were investigated with human liver microsomes (HLM). The results showed that SAG was a potent noncompetitive inhibitor of CYP2C8 activity (Ki=8.9muM), and competitive inhibitor of CYP1A2, CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 activities (Ki=2.7, 3.8 and 2.0muM, respectively). Furthermore, SAG exhibited time- and NADPH-dependent inhibition towards CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 with KI/kinact values of 13.3/0.087 and 5.58/0.029min-1muM-1, respectively. Weak inhibition of SAG against CYP2E1, CYP2D6 and CYP2A6 was also observed. In vitro-in vivo extrapolation (IV-IVE) from HLM data showed that more than 35.9% of CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C8 and CYP3A4 activities in vivo could be inhibited by SAG, suggesting that harmful DDIs could occur when SAG or its medical preparations are co-administered with drugs primarily cleared by these CYP isoforms. Further in vivo studies are needed to evaluate the clinical significance of the data presented herein.

A reaction mechanism is the microscopic path by which reactants are transformed into products. Each step is an elementary reaction. In my other articles, you can also check out more blogs about 1750-45-4

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Benzoxazole – Wikipedia,
Benzoxazole | C7H5NO – PubChem

1750-45-4, Name is 5-Chloro-6-hydroxybenzo[d]oxazol-2(3H)-one, belongs to benzoxazole compound, is a common compound. 1750-45-4In an article, authors is Bao, Su-su, once mentioned the new application about 1750-45-4.

Evaluation of the inhibition effects of apatinib on human and rat cytochrome P450

Apatinib, a small molecule anti-angiogenic drug, is proven to be safe and effective for treatment of advanced gastric cancer (AGC). It is also a single drug that significantly prolongs survival after failure of standard chemotherapy for AGC, which has attracted the research interest. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the inhibition effects of apatinib on human and rat cytochrome P450, including CYP3A2/4, CYP2B1/6, CYP2C9/11, CYP2D1/6, and CYP2E1. The IC50 and IC50-shift results indicated that apatinib might not be a time-dependent inhibitor. Apatinib was a weak inhibitor of human CYP2E1 (IC50>10 muM) but inhibited CYP2B6/2B1 and CYP2D6/2D1 in a competitive way (Ki = 3.84/0.59 and 5.41/0.87 muM), and inhibited CYP3A4/3A2 and rat CYP2E1 in a mixed way (Ki = 11.50/1.83 and 13.06 muM). On CYP2C9, apatinb exhibited the noncompetitive inhibition (Ki = 0.71 muM) while it inhibited CYP2C11 uncompetitively (Ki = 3.30 muM).

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Benzoxazole – Wikipedia,
Benzoxazole | C7H5NO – PubChem

1750-45-4, Because a catalyst decreases the height of the energy barrier, its presence increases the reaction rates of both the forward and the reverse reactions by the same amount.1750-45-4, Name is 5-Chloro-6-hydroxybenzo[d]oxazol-2(3H)-one, molecular formula is C7H4ClNO3. In a article£¬once mentioned of 1750-45-4

Altered cytochrome P450 activities and expression levels in the liver and intestines of the monosodium glutamate-induced mouse model of human obesity

Abstract Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) are enzymes present from bacteria to man involved in metabolism of endogenous and exogenous compounds incl. drugs. Our objective was to assess whether obesity leads to changes in activities and expression of CYPs in the mouse liver, small intestine and colon. Main methods An obese mouse model with repeated injection of monosodium glutamate (MSG) to newborns was used. Controls were treated with saline. All mice were sacrificed at 8 months. In the liver and intestines, levels of CYP mRNA and proteins were analyzed using RT-PCR and Western blotting. Activities of CYP enzymes were measured with specific substrates of human orthologous forms. Key findings At the end of the experiment, body weight, plasma insulin and leptin levels as well as the specific content of hepatic CYP enzymes were increased in obese mice. Among CYP enzymes, hepatic CYP2A5 activity, protein and mRNA expression increased most significantly in obese animals. Higher activities and protein levels of hepatic CYP2E1 and 3A in the obese mice were also found. No or a weak effect on CYPs 2C and 2D was observed. In the small intestine and colon, no changes of CYP enzymes were detected except for increased expression of CYP2E1 and decreased expression of CYP3A mRNAs in the colon of the obese mice. Significance Results of our study suggest that the specific content and activities of some liver CYP enzymes (especially CYP2A5) can be increased in obese mice. Higher activity of CYP2A5 (CYP2A6 human ortholog) could lead to altered metabolism of drug substrates of this enzyme (valproic acid, nicotine, methoxyflurane).

A reaction mechanism is the microscopic path by which reactants are transformed into products. Each step is an elementary reaction. 1750-45-4, In my other articles, you can also check out more blogs about 1750-45-4

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Benzoxazole – Wikipedia,
Benzoxazole | C7H5NO – PubChem

1750-45-4, 5-Chloro-6-hydroxybenzo[d]oxazol-2(3H)-one is a benzoxazole compound, ?involved in a variety of chemical synthesis. Rlated chemical reaction is continuously updated

5-chloro-6-hydroxy-1,3-benzoxazol-2(3H)-one (0.93 g, 5 mmol) and imidazole (1.00 g, 15 mmol) were dissolved in dimethylformamide (10 mL) with stirring under inert atmosphere. Triisopropylsilylchloride (1.15 g, 6 mmol) was added and the resulting solution was stirred for 3 days. The reaction mixture was partitioned between water and heptane. The organic layer was washed with water and dried over magnesium sulphate, filtrated and concentrated, to give 1.45 g (85%) of the subtitled compound as a grey solid. APCI-MS: m/z 342 [MH+]

1750-45-4, The synthetic route of 1750-45-4 has been constantly updated, and we look forward to future research findings.

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Patent; ASTRAZENECA AB; WO2004/5295; (2004); A1;,
Benzoxazole – Wikipedia
Benzoxazole | C7H5NO – PubChem