M.W=200-250 | Page 16 of 25 | Heterocyclic Building Blocks-Benzoxazole

Farahmand, Atefeh’s team published research in Food Hydrocolloids in 2022-08-31 | CAS: 483-76-1

Droplet-based millifluidic technique for encapsulation of cinnamon essential oil: Optimization of the process and physicochemical characterization. Recommended basis is Cadinene. Products is: https://www.ambeed.com/products/189165-77-3.html, 51905-84-1

1. Trivial name: delta-Cadinene.
2. It’s mainly derived from flue-cured tobacco, burley tobacco and flavoured tobacco, it has a strong aroma and a good fixing effect, suitable for perfume, cosmetics, can also be used in wine, cigarettes, and toothpaste.
. Recommended Products is: 29350-73-0 and 51905-84-1.

The “”millifluidic”” technique could be considered as a novel approach for encapsulation of bioactive compounds and has a promising perspective in the field of food engineering or pharmaceutical science. In this study, we aim to optimize the encapsulation of cinnamon essential oil (CEO) by droplet-based millifluidic technique with four responses: encapsulation efficiency (EE), loading capacity (LC), sphericity factor (SF) and size of calcium-alginate millicapsules. The effects of alginate concentration (20-30 g/L), flow rate of alginate (1-1.6 mL/min), and flow rate of CEO (0.6-0.8 mL/min) were considered by a Box-Behnken design. The best concentration of chitosan as a coating layer on the optimized samples was selected based on the Young modulus of millicapsules. The regression models showed the significant effect (p < 0.05) of the three variables on the characteristics of millicapsules. The optimal millicapsules with 3.58 ¡À 0.23 mm diameter and 0.96 ¡À 0.01 S F showed 98.96 ¡À 1.2% and 70.14 ¡À 1.8% EE and LC, resp. SEM images exhibited a rough external surface which changed to a rigid and smooth surface through the chitosan coating. The results of DSC and FTIR tests demonstrated the CEO entrapment in the millicapsules without any chem. interaction with the encapsulant materials. The disarray of crystallinity structure in XRD patterns revealed the successful encapsulation of CEO in the millicapsules. The non-Fickian case II in the mouth and small intestine and anomalous transport in the stomach were the main release mechanisms in the coated millicapsules. The release profile of CEO also fitted well with Ritger-Peppas model. Droplet-based millifluidic technique for encapsulation of cinnamon essential oil: Optimization of the process and physicochemical characterization. Recommended basis is Cadinene. Products is: https://www.ambeed.com/products/189165-77-3.html, 51905-84-1

Referemce:
Benzoxazole – Wikipedia,
Benzoxazole | C7H5NO – PubChem

Hung, Nguyen Huy’s team published research in Natural Product Communications in 2022-06-30 | CAS: 483-76-1

Pesticidal activities of Callicarpa and Premna essential oils From Vietnam. Recommended basis is Cadinene. Products is: https://www.ambeed.com/products/189165-77-3.html, 51905-84-1

Mosquito-borne diseases are a consistent problem in Vietnam. Addnl., freshwater snail species are agricultural pests and are known to be intermediate hosts for several parasitic worms. There is a need for new and complementary botanical pesticidal agents for controlling these pests and essential oils have shown promise. In this work, essential oils from 2 species of Callicarpa (C. rubella and C. sinuata) and 4 species of Premna (P. chevalieri, P. corymbosa, P. maclurei, and P. tomentosa) were screened for mosquito larvicidal activity against Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus and for molluscicidal activity against 3 freshwater snail species, Gyraulus convexiusculus, Pomacea canaliculata, and Tarebia granifera. Callicarpa rubella essential oil showed exceptional larvicidal activity against Cx. quinquefasciatus with 24-h LC50 of 9.8¦Ìg/mL. In addition to C. rubella, the essential oils of P. chevalieri and P. tomentosa showed notable molluscicidal activities against P. canaliculata with LC90 values ¡Ü20¦Ìg/mL. These Callicarpa and Premna essential oils were all rich in sesquiterpenes and should be considered for continued investigation as botanical pesticidal agents.

Pesticidal activities of Callicarpa and Premna essential oils From Vietnam. Recommended basis is Cadinene. Products is: https://www.ambeed.com/products/189165-77-3.html, 51905-84-1

Referemce:
Benzoxazole – Wikipedia,
Benzoxazole | C7H5NO – PubChem

Bohmann, Rebekka Anna’s team published research in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2016 | CAS: 145026-07-9

1,2-Thiazines: One-Pot Syntheses Utilizing Mono and Diaza Analogs of Sulfones. Recommended basis is Sulfoximine, Bioisosteric. Products is: https://www.ambeed.com/products/1621962-30-8.html, 50578-18-2

1-Bromo-4-(S-methylsulfonimidoyl)benzene (BD336512) is a building block containing a sulfoximine group. Several CDK and ATR inhibitors have exemplified the utilization of the NH sulfoximine group as abioisostere for a sulfonamide group to overcome the main project hurdles of aqueous solubility, sulfonamide-mediated off-target activity and IP. Moreover, its NH group could be expediently further functionalized through Buchwald-Hartwig coupling reaction and multifarious nucleophilic reactions.. Recommended Products is: 4381-25-3 and 83730-53-4.

A one-pot Michael addition/cyclization/condensation reaction sequence for the regioselective synthesis of 1,2-thiazines I (R1 = C6H5, 4-BrC6H4, CH3, 4-H3COC6 H4; R2 = C6H5, 4-H3CC6H4, 3-H3CC6H4, 4-F3CC6H4, 2,5-(CH3)2C6H3; R3 = 4-H3COC6H4, C(CH3)3, thiophen-2-yl, 2-naphthyl, etc.; Y = O, C6H5NH2, N(CN), 4-H3COC6H4N), starting from propargyl ketones R2CCC(O)R3 and NH-sulfoximines or NH-sulfondiimines R1S(Y)(:NH)CH3, has been developed. Under mild and operationally simple reaction conditions previously unprecedented 1,2-thiazine 1-imide and 1-oxide derivatives I are formed in good to excellent yields. The products I represent heterocyclic building blocks, readily modifiable by a regioselective C-H bond functionalization, classical cross-coupling reactions, and deprotection.

Referemce:
Benzoxazole – Wikipedia,
Benzoxazole | C7H5NO – PubChem

Hosseinzadeh Rostam Kalaei, Mazaher’s team published research in Scientific Reports in 2022-12-31 | CAS: 483-76-1

Evaluation of foliar application of selenium and flowering stages on selected properties of Iranian Borage as a medicinal plant. Recommended basis is Cadinene. Products is: https://www.ambeed.com/products/189165-77-3.html, 51905-84-1

Many of the active constituents of drug or medicines were originally derived from medicinal plants. Iranian Borage are still being used in regular basis. Selenium (Se) is an essential mineral nutrient for animal and human growth. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of (2, 4, 8 and 16 mg L-1) of as sodium selenate (Na2SeO4) and as sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) on some important properties of Iranian Borage in factorial based on Randomized Complete Block Design via four steps: 2 true leaves stage, ten leaves, 2 wk and 1 wk before flowering. The traits were evaluated during flowering period. Results showed that the highest shoot fresh and dry weight and shoot length, total alkaloid, essential oil percentage were obtained by 4 mg L-1 sodium selenate at the end of flowering. In addition, 4 mg L-1 sodium selenate concentration significantly improved flower yield (diameter, number, weight). The plants were treated with 8 mg L-1 sodium selenate, the higher total phenols and flavonoids, antioxidant activity, soluble sugars, root and fresh weight was seen at end of flowering. When the plants were sprayed with 4 mg L-1 sodium selenite higher total chlorophyll was observed at full of flowering. 16 mg L-1 sodium selenite released the maximum Se acclimation in the petals. 20 composites were discovered containing -Pinene (23.61%) with sodium selenate in 4 mg L-1. Generally, selenium sources significantly improved morpho-physiol. and phytochem.

Referemce:
Benzoxazole – Wikipedia,
Benzoxazole | C7H5NO – PubChem

Tavallali, Vahid’s team published research in Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (Issy-les-Moulineaux, France) in 2022-07-15 | CAS: 483-76-1

Developmental and phytochemical changes in pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) using exogenous application of polyamines. Recommended basis is Cadinene. Products is: https://www.ambeed.com/products/189165-77-3.html, 51905-84-1

Polyamines (PAs) are natural active compounds having more than two amino groups that play important roles in many physiol. and developmental processes in plants. The purpose of this research was to see how foliar polyamine spray affected growth and photosynthetic indexes, as well as secondary metabolites and antioxidant activity of the aqueous and methanolic extracts of pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.). The experiment lasted for three months and was arranged in a randomized complete design with four replications. Three sep. concentrations (0.5, 1 and 2.5 mM) of spermine (SPM), spermidine (SPD), and putrescine (PUT) were sprayed at four/five fully expanded leaf stage and some physiochem. attributes were evaluated. The treatments caused a significant increase in morphol. and photosynthetic parameters and total oil. There were also significant variations in total phenolic and flavonoid content. Compared to other polyamines, 1 mM SPD foliar spraying showed the greatest effect. Furthermore, the highest antioxidant capacity (DPPH* scavenging assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and ¦Â-carotene bleaching activity) was observed in the 1 mM SPD treatment. The results showed that the calendula essential oils (EOs) were rich in sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons (55.92-95.94%), with c-Cadinene and d-Cadinene as the major sesquiterpenes in the EOs. Also, the flowers were rich sources of carotenoids (lutein, flavoxanthin and luteoxanthin) following polyamines application. Hence, it can be inferred that polyamines specially spermidine would find a wide range of application in pharmaceutical industries due to its impact on antioxidant properties of phenolic and flavonoid compounds

Referemce:
Benzoxazole – Wikipedia,
Benzoxazole | C7H5NO – PubChem

Guo, Jianshuang’s team published research in Biochemical Pharmacology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) in 2022-06-30 | CAS: 83730-53-4

A rational foundation for micheliolide-based combination strategy by targeting redox and metabolic circuit in cancer cells. Recommended basis is Sulfoximine, Bioisosteric. Products is: https://www.ambeed.com/products/50578-18-2.html, 145026-07-9

(2S)-2-Amino-4-(butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid (BD136012) is a building block containing a sulfoximine group. Several CDK and ATR inhibitors have exemplified the utilization of the NH sulfoximine group as abioisostere for a sulfonamide group to overcome the main project hurdles of aqueous solubility, sulfonamide-mediated off-target activity and IP. Moreover, its NH group could be expediently further functionalized through Buchwald-Hartwig coupling reaction and multifarious nucleophilic reactions.. Recommended Products is: 4381-25-3 and 1621962-30-8.

Accumulating evidence has supported that targeting oxidative stress and metabolic alterations of cancer is an effective strategy to combat cancer. We previously reported that Dimethylaminomicheliolide (DMAMCL) and its active metabolite micheliolide (MCL) can cause oxidative stress and cell death in leukemia and glioblastoma. However, the detailed mechanism underlying MCL or DMAMCL triggered oxidative stress remains elusive. Herein, using leukemia HL60 cells and glioblastoma U118MG cells as models, we found that MCL-induced oxidative stress is mainly mediated by reduced glutathione (GSH). Overproduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) can lead to oxidative damage to mitochondrial, impairing the ability of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and causing dysfunction of mitochondrial respiratory chain. On the other hand, the depletion of GSH activates GSH biosynthesis pathway and has possibility to give rise to more GSH to scavenge ROS in cancer cells. Targeting this redox and metabolic circuit, we identified L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor in GSH biosynthesis, as an agent that can enhance MCL regimen to inhibit GSH compensatory event and thereby further facilitate cancer cell oxidative stress. Together, these results illustrate that targeting redox and metabolic pathway by MCL/DMAMCL combination with BSO is a potent therapeutic intervention for the treatments of glioblastoma and acute-myelocytic leukemia.

Referemce:
Benzoxazole – Wikipedia,
Benzoxazole | C7H5NO – PubChem

Effah, Evans’s team published research in Scientific Reports in 2022-12-31 | CAS: 483-76-1

Exploring plant volatile-mediated interactions between native and introduced plants and insects. Recommended basis is Cadinene. Products is: https://www.ambeed.com/products/189165-77-3.html, 51905-84-1

In invasion scenarios, native and introduced species co-occur creating new interactions and modifying existing ones. Many plant-plant and plant-insect interactions are mediated by volatile organic compounds (VOCs), however, these have seldom been studied in an invasion context. To fill this knowledge gap, we explored some interactions mediated by VOCs between native and introduced plants and insects in a New Zealand system. We investigated whether a native plant, Leptospermum scoparium (manuka), changes its volatile profile when grown adjacent to two European introduced plants, Calluna vulgaris (heather) and Cytisus scoparius (Scotch broom), in a semi-field trial using potted plants without above- or below-ground phys. contact. We also investigated the influence of plant cues on the host-searching behavior of two beetles, the native Pyronota festiva (manuka beetle), and the introduced biocontrol agent Lochmaea suturalis (heather beetle), by offering them their host-plant and non-host volatiles vs. clean air, and their combination in a Y-tube olfactometer. As a follow-up, we performed preference/feeding tests in Petri dishes with fresh plant material. Results of the semi-field experiment show a significant reduction in green leaf volatiles, sesquiterpenes and total volatile emissions by manuka plants neighboring heather. In the Y-tube assays, the native beetle P. festiva performed poorly in discriminating between host and non-host plants based on plant volatile cues only. However, it performed relatively well in the Petri dish tests, where other cues (i.e., visual, gustatory or tactile) were present. In contrast, the introduced beetle L. suturalis showed high host-specificity in both Y-tube and Petri dish assays. This study illustrates the importance of VOCs in mediating interactions between introduced and native species, suggesting that invasive plants can disrupt native plants’ communication and affect the host-searching behavior of native insects. It also reinforces the relevance of regular host testing on introduced weed biocontrol agents to avoid unwanted host shifts or host-range expansion.

Referemce:
Benzoxazole – Wikipedia,
Benzoxazole | C7H5NO – PubChem

Luca, Simon Vlad’s team published research in Industrial Crops and Products in 2022-11-01 | CAS: 483-76-1

Supercritical CO2 extraction of hemp flowers: A systematic study to produce terpene-rich and terpene-depleted cannabidiol fractions. Recommended basis is Cadinene. Products is: https://www.ambeed.com/products/189165-77-3.html, 51905-84-1

Despite their high-added value, terpenes currently have limited exploitation in the hemp industry, often ending up in the sidestream of cannabidiol extraction and/or purification In this work, the influence of different combinations of pressures (80-300 bar) and temperatures (40-50¡ãC) on the recovery of three representative terpenes (caryophyllene, humulene, caryophyllene oxide) and, secondarily, cannabidiol, from hemp flowers by supercritical fluid extraction with carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) was investigated systematically. In the preliminary experiments, the influence of the particle size and storage time on the SC-CO2 process was evaluated, being noticed that a good recovery of the target compounds was obtained with freshly grounded hemp flowers. By comparing the extraction curves obtained for the studied pressure and temperature conditions, it was observed that pressures from 90 to 110 bar and temperatures from 40¡ã to 50¡ãC could allow a fast and efficient extraction of the three hemp terpenes. In contrast, higher pressures (200-300 bar) are needed for a superior recovery of cannabidiol. Based on the isocratic experiments, the gradient temperature (from 40¡ã to 50¡ãC) and pressure (from 100 to 300 bar) conditions were selected for the online fractionation of hemp flowers; thus, the proof-of-concept step-gradient SC-CO2 experiment generated terpene-rich and terpene-depleted cannabidiol fractions. In conclusion, our study brings essential knowledge on selecting the SC-CO2 process parameters for efficiently extracting hemp terpenes or performing the simultaneous removal of terpenes and extraction of cannabidiol from hemp flowers using step-gradient SC-CO2.

Referemce:
Benzoxazole – Wikipedia,
Benzoxazole | C7H5NO – PubChem

Wang, Chenyang’s team published research in Organic Letters in 2020-11-20 | CAS: 145026-07-9

Use of Hypervalent Iodine Reagents in Visible Light-Promoted ¦Á-Ketoacylations of Sulfoximines with Aryl Alkynes. Recommended basis is Sulfoximine, Bioisosteric. Products is: https://www.ambeed.com/products/1621962-30-8.html, 50578-18-2

In visible light, sulfoximidoyl-containing hypervalent iodine reagents react with aryl alkynes to give N-¦Á-ketoacylated sulfoximines in good to high yields. The process is metal- and base-free, providing the diketonic products without the use of highly oxygenated reagents such as peroxides. Results from mechanistic investigations suggest the intermediacy of radicals and reveal the importance of mol. oxygen.

Referemce:
Benzoxazole – Wikipedia,
Benzoxazole | C7H5NO – PubChem

Sefcikova, Zuzana’s team published research in Reproductive Toxicology in 2021-10-31 | CAS: 83730-53-4

Maternal overweight increased sensitivity of mouse preimplantation embryos to oxidative stress in vitro. Recommended basis is Sulfoximine, Bioisosteric. Products is: https://www.ambeed.com/products/50578-18-2.html, 145026-07-9

The aim of this study was to compare the sensitivity of mouse preimplantation embryos obtained from mothers with different body conditions to an environment with increased oxidative stress. An intergenerational dietary model based on mouse overfeeding during the intrauterine and early postnatal period was used to produce females with increased body fat content (¡Ý 11%). Three different sources of oxidative stress were applied: 0.01 mM 2,2′-Azobis (2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH), free radical-generating compound; 5 mM L-Buthionine-sulfoximine (BSO), glutathione synthesis inhibitor; and 0.01 mM Sodium nitroprusside dihydrate (SNP), nitric oxide donor. Two-cell embryos isolated from controls (with 7%-8% body fat content) and overweight mice were cultured in vitro with selected compounds until blastocyst formation. Development of two-cell embryos isolated from overweight dams was neg. affected by the presence of BSO and SNP (P < 0.01). Similar impact was recorded in two-cell embryos obtained from control mothers only after exposure to BSO (P < 0.05). Fluorescence anal. of blastocysts recovered from overweight dams revealed reduced total cell numbers after AAPH and BSO treatment, and increased incidence of cell death after BSO and SNP. In the controls, neg. impact on blastocyst quality, represented by reduced cell number, was observed only after BSO. Immunofluorescence evaluation of freshly-recovered zygotes and two-cell embryos showed that those obtained from overweight dams displayed significantly lower fluorescence signal intensity of Glutathione peroxidase 8 than those from control dams. In conclusion, the results suggest that preimplantation embryos originating from overweight mice might be more vulnerable to oxidative stress than those originating from control females. Maternal overweight increased sensitivity of mouse preimplantation embryos to oxidative stress in vitro. Recommended basis is Sulfoximine, Bioisosteric. Products is: https://www.ambeed.com/products/50578-18-2.html, 145026-07-9

Referemce:
Benzoxazole – Wikipedia,
Benzoxazole | C7H5NO – PubChem